Although heartbreaking, family estrangement is quite a common occurrence. Research shows that 27% of Americans have a family member they have no contact with. And it’s not necessarily parents and children. Rifts between siblings happen, too. After years of not talking, people find it hard to reconnect: “What if the other person hates me? What if they (or I) can’t forgive?”

The author of this story found himself in a similar situation. The Redditor u/Longest-Journey had a son who wanted to reconnect. But the OP felt that there was too much hurt and pain and found himself unable to do it. So he asked other netizens to weigh in.

To know more about family rifts and how to repair them, Bored Panda reached out to Fern Schumer Chapman and Psychotherapist Amanda Ann Gregory. Chapman is the author of several books, including Brothers, Sisters, Strangers, and The Sibling Estrangement Journal. She offers private, one-on-one coaching sessions to those who struggle with sibling estrangement issues, as well. And Gregory is a licensed, EMDR-certified trauma psychotherapist.

We asked them what can cause rifts between family members and how adult children and their parents can go about fixing them.

More info:

Fern Schumer Chapman | Facebook | Instagram | LinkedIn | Twitter

Amanda Ann Gregory | Instagram | Facebook | LinkedIn

Divorce can be tricky when there are children involved

Image credits: Jakob Owens / Unsplash (not the actual photo)

This father found himself unable to reconnect with his estranged son due to past guilt and resentment

Image credits: YuriArcursPeopleimages / Envato Elements (not the actual photo)

Image credits: Andrik Langfield / Unsplash (not the actual photo)

Image credits: Erik Mclean / Pexels (not the actual photo)

Image credits: Torsten Dettlaff / Pexels (not the actual photo)

Image credits: Longest-Journey

Staying connected with family members matters

The situation OP describes here is undoubtedly difficult and painful for all family members. The then-pre-teen son’s reaction to his parents’ divorce might seem overboard, but the now-adult son seeks reconciliation. Bored Panda asked Fern Schumer Chapman to explain why estranged family members feel the need to reconnect even after years of resentment and hurt feelings.

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“Humans have a deep need to belong,” the author says. “The eminent psychologist Abraham Maslow identified this crucial need in his ‘Hierarchy of Needs,’ a color‐coded, weighted pyramid of basic human requirements.”

“The need to belong—whether through family, friendship, shared interests, or sexual intimacy—ranks just after the essentials: food and water, shelter and sleep, physical safety. Like these fundamentals, the human need to belong is lifelong.”

“[If you] absent a sense of belonging—this feeling of emotional safety and context—people come to fear that their very lives are at risk. They lose the ability to trust and connect with others, instead becoming consumed by the task of surviving alone.”

“The family—that original constellation of relationships—offers an opportunity to belong to a group and a chance to develop deep, lifelong connections that may transcend the transient nature of our existence,” the expert on family estrangement explains.

Image credits: cottonbro studio / Pexels (not the actual photo)

In the case of divorce, the responsibility to reconnect lies with the parent, not the child

Trauma Psychotherapist Amanda Ann Gregory says that when parents go through a divorce, there is a challenge for the now-single (or remarried) parent to build an attachment to the child.

“Sometimes, one parent takes on the role of the main attachment figure,” she explains. “When divorce occurs, the parent who is not the attachment figure must recognize this and decide if they will or can fill this role for the child in their new home.”

“This can be challenging if the parent has experienced obstacles that prevent them from establishing a secure attachment with their child.” Examples of such obstacles can be childhood trauma or a lack of experiencing secure attachment as a child (and possibly as an adult).

Gregory emphasizes that the parent should initiate reconnection; the responsibility does not lie with the child. “Newly divorced parents need to put time and effort into establishing a household that fosters relationship repair and reconnection,” she says.

Those who want to reconnect with a family member should consider these six steps

The author of The Sibling Estrangement Journal says that a person should examine their feelings in great detail before trying to resume a relationship. She says the person should ask themselves these questions:

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• Why is this relationship important to me, not to my family or to anyone else but to me?
• Does my family member want to resume a relationship?
• Can I set aside the anger, pain, and/or resentment that led to the break to change our pattern of relating?
• Do I want to resume this relationship if I discover that neither of us have changed?
• Do I have the time, energy, emotional resilience, and support of other loved ones to reconcile and rebuild this relationship?
• Will I compromise too much of myself if I try to sustain a relationship with my difficult family member?

Image credits: Engin Akyurt / Pexels (not the actual photo)

What to say and what not to say when trying to reconcile with an estranged family member

When a person has weighed the ins and outs of their decision, it’s time to act. But you can’t just simply walk to their door and ring the bell, can you? Fern Schumer Chapman suggests looking at the confrontation as if it was a dispute. She suggests a strategy from Dr. Donna Hicks, an associate at the Weatherhead Center for International Affairs at Harvard University.

“[Hicks] has worked as a third-party facilitator in some of the world’s most intractable conflicts [and] has drawn upon her experiences mediating international disputes to create a model for communication that applies to families as well as to nations,” Chapman tells Bored Panda.

“Dignity, she explains, invests each of us with an inherent value and worth. When individuals are denied their dignity, they feel inconsequential and irrelevant, and they become enraged and resentful that they are not seen or heard,” Chapman goes on.

The person then might start asking questions like, “How can you treat me like this?”, “Can’t you see we are human beings?”, “Can’t you see we are suffering?”

The four steps to resolve such a conflict, according to Hicks, include:

• Sitting down together face to face.
• Listening without interrupting and challenging each other’s stories. “The one goal is to seek understanding. Experts agree that reconciliation is impossible without true, genuine listening,” Chapman emphasizes.
• Acknowledging that the other person hurts, is angry, or alienated and empathizing with them. “Give them the benefit of the doubt; assume they have sincere, trustworthy intentions. When each party accepts both parties’ experiences, neither feels devalued or shut out,” Chapman adds.
• Stressing and acting on your willingness, desire, and hope to create a mutual bond.
• And, lastly, letting go of anger.

Image credits: Priscilla Du Preez / Unsplash (not the actual photo)

Sometimes, family members choose not to reconnect

Psychotherapist Amanda Ann Gregory claims that both sides need to want to reconnect. “Reconciliation occurs when two or more people decide to enter into a new relationship after harm has occurred in that relationship,” she says.

“Reconciliation is not forgiveness (often defined as a decrease in guilt and resentment), and reconciliation does not require forgiveness in order to occur. Family members can feel guilt and resentment and also choose to reconcile. In contrast, they can forgive and choose not to reconcile.”

She says that one of the main reasons why people choose not to reconcile is that they do not feel safe. And the reasons can vary: maybe it feels too overwhelming and emotionally unsafe to address their own childhood trauma. Others might not feel an attachment to that family member.

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Maybe they feel guilt or shame and need to make some changes before reconnecting. “They can also feel as if their family member is physically, emotionally, sexually, financially, or spiritually unsafe, and they do not wish to put themselves at risk,” Gregory explains.

Commenters reacted to OP’s story and pleaded with him to give his son a second chance

Many other netizens called the OP a jerk

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