Answer: Solid graphite pencil.

Answer: A very old dental drill.

Answer: Geologist here, it’s definitely a quartz vein. You can see the host rock at the tip of the ‘tooth’. It looks like it’s hosted in jasper.

Answer: A ritual book for the Independent Order of the Oddfellows

Answer: Soldering iron. The end you are holding is the head, and is usually copper. The other end would normally have a wood handle.

Answer: Mancala as a family of games is over 1300 years old. This is one of the oldest known games. It was played with seeds and was a way to teach children counting and planting.
A fun way to play is using M&Ms!

Answer: Native American here, the term most associated with these are "peace pipes or peace pipe tomahawks". Natives call them Calumet's as a holdover from the french days.

Answer: Frogspawn

Answer: rat tailed sea cucumber.

Answer: Always call local police when it comes to an uxo. They’ll call EOD for you.
As for the round it looks like a MK 1 shrapnel round. WWI projectile made by the French, and used by allies.

Answer: It's stinkhorn egg.

Answer: It is likely an embroidered napkin that is used to cover the bread (challah) on the jewish sabbath. It is just for decorative purposes, and helps make the table look festive for the Friday night meal . The embroidery has not been completed. The unfinished design appears to be leaves and flowers, with a stylized tree of life around a colorful star of David. The 12 oval areas recall the 12 tribes, a common motif. When finished it might have been bigger, with fringe or a fabric border placed around the main piece. It is a charming piece of Judaica.
In reply to some comments below, it is possible, but I think unlikely, that it is a passover matzoh cover. Pretty much every matzoh cover I've seen refers (has a motif) in some way to the seder, or matzoh, or passover. It is unlikely that it is a tfillin bag. I've made a study of them, and this does not conform in style, fabric, or motifs to any I have ever seen.
This is most definitely not Celtic, or masonic, or demonic, it's a piece of domestic Jewish needlework from the first half of the 20th century.
And why is it in OP's non-jewish family? Someone who liked needlework could have picked it up at a garage sale or a thrift shop decades ago and it becomes a piece of family folklore.

Answer: Old marionette. Could have been used in one of those "fortune teller" vending boxes at a fair

Answer: It's the emissions from a smoke stack or steam stack rising above the cloud level.

Answer: A white Chevy Equinox.

Answer: Asked a seal rescue worker friend, it's branding from pre tagging days, they can live up to 40 years so there's still going to be a few about.

Answer: It's a cipher.
The masons use this cipher, especially in their book, apparently the current F.M book is censored, not only with this cipher but with blank spaces that no one is allowed to know, only the real top lodges have the originals from the 16-17 century that are not censored or encrypted but no one is allowed to handle them.

Answer: Part of chemo port.

Answer: A "thingy" to help hold flowers straight or in the design you desire.

Answer: Conch egg cases

Answer: It's the nozzle from the soda machine. It must have fallen off.

Answer: Teeth of Grass Carp.

Answer: It is an OP-Z by Teenage Engineering - A synthesizer and sequencer.

Answer: The kīla or phurba is a three-sided peg, stake, knife, or nail-like ritual implement traditionally associated with Indo-Tibetan Buddhism, Bön, and Indian Vedic traditions

Answer: A carpule of anesthetic

Answer: It's the blade from a pair of scissors, can be filed into a bump key or used for brute force.

Answer: It looks like it might be a tunicate called sea pork or sea liver.

Answer: Royal Navy cordite bucket.

Answer: It's a vodka set. Ice goes in the bowl, glasses go in the ice to keep the drinks cold.

Answer: This specific configuration is used while skating to create a human “Zamboni” and clean the ice when there is a lot of powder

Answer: Pershing II missile

Answer: It's a type of turban worn by Naqshbandi Sufi Muslims. Naqshbandi Taj

Answer: Barite roses. Gypsum would be lightweight, barite is dense thus heavy.

Answer: That looks like a C-5 Galaxy.

Answer: Pachinko machine, a gambling game in Japan.

Answer: It's a wooden tapping hand toy. Not very common, but not rare.

Answer: Balinese ‘yawning’ dance mask. It looks like a miniature version of the actual masks used in Balinese dance performances

Answer: Surveillance system. The round thing with the cooling fins is a LiDAR a laser sensor, made by a company called Ouster. Probably used for detecting people, objects etc. also in the dark.

Answer: That's to stop flys from entering.
Doesn't work, but people still believe it.

Answer: That is an electrician level. An S with a line through it is the electricians symbol for switch

Answer: The term I've seen used is "roadrunner". It's a radio platform to coordinate communications among the convoy and with outside agencies. I'd wager the short, wide cylinder at the rear is a dome for a satcom antenna, and the rest being various FM antennas.

Answer: Hilti 500 epoxy, it sets under water

Answer: It’s an umbra illuzine magazine rack. I worked at a store that used to sell them. They also came in stainless steel. You hang the magazine by the spine over the rails

Answer: That's a dugout. Skiers best friend. Holds your hitter and a stash.

Answer: A scale.

Answer: Blacksmith hammers have different style of peens depending on the task you want to accomplish. There are straight peen (if you held the hammer by the handle the peen would be paralell to the ground), cross peen (perpendicular to the ground) and diagonal peen (the one you have taken an image of).

Answer: When you hold it up to a bright light, is it translucent? Porcelain will be translucent, while other types of ceramic earthenware will not be.
When you run your fingers or a nail over the blue detailing, does it feel noticeably raised or like you could scratch it (as opposed to a relatively smooth surface)? If so, it is likely blue transferware, a later style which developed to more efficiently replace hand painting by transferring a design onto the piece. If instead it’s smooth and not translucent, then it likely is faience ware (Delftware).
Based on the image, color, and size, I would say it’s more likely to be transferware than Delftware.
Additionally, even if it was Delftware, that doesn’t necessarily indicate Dutch origin, as similar styles of delftware were also produced in England and other places (known as English delftware)

Answer: That is a vacuum chamber used for material science research. You read up on "Molecular Beam Epitaxy". I have used these systems. Though they look cool, A lot of exotic materials like Gallium, Cadmium, Indium are typically used. It is not a good idea to move to your house were you might be tempted to touch the inside of it. If you can cut plexi glass circle so close out all the vents, it could make a cool decoration. There is a metal shroud on the inside through which water or liquid nitrogen could be circulated to cool down the system. If that shroud develops a leak, then usually the system is discarded. Also due to cross contamination issues, when a project is closed/abandoned the chamber used also gets thrown out.

Answer: They’re called a Slit Drum or Slit Gong. ) Yours are just missing the strikers and you don’t see them painted often because it can affects the sounds.

Answer: Its an old type areal antenna for TV. Its design is indeed a Yagi array

Answer: Ecotensil paper spoon

Answer: a cable spool

Answer: Fistula arm clamp.

Answer: an old mill building from the 1870s that still operates as residential housing

Answer: Blaupunkt made a gooseneck equalizer in the 80s.
When car audio really took off in the early-mid 80s a lot of vehicles still had the old stereos with two shafts that stuck through the dash, one for volume and one for tuning. A separate equalizer was pretty much a requirement for a more sophisticated system, but there just wasn't anywhere to mount a typical half DIN EQ in a lot of vehicles. This was one solution to that problem. The EQ functions were on the face, and the sliders on the right side let you control balance and fade.

Answer: Double heating pipe trim. Ideal to cover the tubes seen from the radiators. They are to cover tubes in the wall where you would plug a towel dryer radiator for example.

Answer: Going to bet it's a locking pawl from a windlass, the winch that raises and lowers they anchor chain

Answer: It's a Hitclip