The grey patch of hair famously sported by bad-boy Sweeney Todd is a condition known as poliosis. The mechanics of this genetic mutation are relatively simple—when the melanocytes stop producing melanin, the hair starts growing without the pigment. It can be either hereditary or occur with genetic disorder like “piebaldism.” Poliosis comes from Greek word “pilios,” which means grey.

Waardenburg syndrome is a very rare genetic disorder occurring in 1 in 40,000 people. It’s named after a Dutch ophthalmologist, D. J. Waardenburg, who first identified the syndrome in 1951.
The different-colored irises are among the common signs of Waardenburg syndrome, since it affects the pigmentation of hair, skin, and eyes. Other common symptoms of this rare disorder are changes in vision and hearing loss.

Most of us carry one or two birthmarks. This human trait is so common that nobody really thinks twice about them. The first birthmarks appear shortly after we’re born and they’re caused by an overgrowth of blood vessels, melanocytes, and keratinocytes. Some of them fade with time, while others stay for the rest of our lives. One thing is clear—they’re not caused by mothers doing something wrong during pregnancy. It’s a thing of chance!

In most cases, people born with heterochromia⁠—different-colored eyes⁠—experience no other symptoms. These days, multicolor eyes are viewed as a quirky beauty feature and many celebrities are wearing lenses to achieve the look.
Meanwhile, it’s said that there are about 70 to 140 million people around the world with red hair. But the odds of getting these two unusual features at once are really small!

This young man has albinism—a congenital disorder that’s characterized by the absence of pigment in the skin, hair, and eyes. One in 18,000 to 20,000 people has some type of albinism in the US. The blue, purple-like color of his eyes in the picture is due to the absence of melanin in the eyes. Sometimes the blood vessels show through the iris and eyes can even look red or pink.

The condition is known as sectoral heterochromia. It means that only a portion (or sector) of the iris of one eye has a different color than the rest of the iris of that eye. The condition is rare and typically doesn’t have any other significant symptoms or problems. But how captivating it is to look at!

Vitiligo is a long-term condition caused by a lack of melanin, the pigment of skin. It creates patches on the skin and commonly happens on the face, hands, neck, and skin creases. These areas are more prone to sunburn, thus people are recommended to use sunscreen with a high SPF factor. Pop singer Michael Jackson and model Winnie Harlow are known to have the condition.

Giant furred moles are a congenital gene defect that result in hairy patches of darker skin. They usually appear at birth or start developing in the first year of a child's life.
These dark-colored patches are small in children, but most often they grow along with them. Scientists believe that problems with melanocytes (skin cells that produce melanin which gives skin its color) are to blame for pigmented nevi (plural of nevus). The hair that grows from these nevi can be brown or even a bluish-black color.

Bored Panda contacted Celeste Calvert-Yin, the mom of Shilah Madison, the girl with uncombable hair syndrome pictured in the image above.
Celeste told us that the girl gets a lot of attention, both positive and negative, due to her condition. But Shiloh is a strong child and “she handles the bumps so courageously and has such an amazing outlook on everything.”
Living with UHS means that Shilah’s hair routine is very different from yours and mine. Her mom told us that “her daily routine of taking care of hair is a long and painful one. We minimize brushing unless it’s really needed.”
The girl’s hair breaks from the roots, which means that lots of treatments should be applied daily. A washing schedule of once or twice a week only is something a person with UHS has to follow.
Shiloh's condition is so rare, the family found it out by accident
Celeste explained that every day is a learning curve for the family and “with the help of her silk pillow case we are making progress and teaching her how to manage it herself.”
The family found out about the syndrome by accident. “When Shilah was in hospital for a small operation, the doctor asked if we knew about her condition. We had no idea,” but the doctor explained everything and “we finally had an answer.”
Celeste doubts that before Shilah’s Instagram account people knew UHS was even a thing. But the family had soon had around “100 people send us pics and ask questions about her hair.” Celeste is convinced that there are more people like her daughter and “we hope that Shilah could know she isn’t alone.”

A recent article published by the Journal of the American Society of Plastic Surgeons stated that 1 in 700–1,000 people are born with polydactyly. This means that having extra fingers on hands, extra toes on feet, or both are very common limb malformations.
And while such appearance stands out, some believe it can bring individuals some practical benefits. A study run by the University of Freiburg concluded that people with polydactyly have more agile movement than individuals with fewer digits.

This elf-like ear is known as Darwin’s tubercule and refers to a congenital ear condition causing a thickened rim of the auricle. It has been detected in 10.5 percent of the Spanish adult population, 40 percent of the Indian adult population, and 58 percent of Swedish schoolchildren. But the influence of genetics on the condition is still unclear.

Distichiasis is a rare congenital condition where you have two rows of eyelashes. The second row of eyelashes can include anywhere from a single lash or a few hairs to a full, complete set. Usually, this second row has thinner, shorter, and lighter eyelashes.
Distichiasis most often affects all four eyelids. However, in some cases, people have eyelashes growing from just one lid or just the lower lids. People with a second row of eyelashes might not have any additional symptoms, but some are more sensitive to light, others have irritated corneas or might be prone to getting conjunctivitis.

This can be one of two conditions. It might be coloboma, which is a hole in the structures of the eye and mostly affects just the iris. Coloboma is quite rare, affecting less than one child for every 10k that are born.
Or the condition might be corectopia where the pupil is displaced from its position in the center of the eye. Some people with corectopia may need surgery to correct the position of the pupil.

There are two main types of vitiligo: unilateral (aka segmental) and bilateral (aka generalized) vitiligo. Bilateral vitiligo can start at any age and it produces depigmentation that is very symmetrical.
Meanwhile, unilateral vitiligo usually begins in children and young adults and affects only one side of the body. In other words, this type of vitiligo is asymmetrical. Usually, segmental vitiligo progresses for one to two years and then remains "frozen" for the rest of the person's life.

We all know that your hair color can change a lot during your lifetime. You can be born blond, have brown hair as you're growing up, and end up with dark, black hair when you're an adult. There are even people out there who are born with black hair and then turn blond later on! Hair genetics is weird!
While some people have lighter hair because they spend a lot of time outside in the sun, others naturally have streaks of different-colored hair. Fascinating, isn't it?

Hazel eyes have everything to do with the different distribution of melanin in the iris. Keep in mind that there's no such thing as blue, green, or hazel pigments in your eyes: they simply have different amounts of melanin which is a dark brown pigment.
Eyes that have high levels of melanin absorb more light and result in a brown color; while lower concentrations of melanin absorb less light which means more is scattered by the iris, resulting in blue and green colors. Melanin can be distributed unequally in different parts of the iris which means that your eyes can look like a fascinating mish-mash of different colors.

This person most likely has Arachnodactyly (also known as "spider fingers"). This is a condition where a person's fingers and toes are abnormally long and slender, especially when compared to the palm of the hand and arch of the foot.
People can be born with this condition or even develop it later on in life. Some people with "spider fingers" don't have any underlying health issues. Unfortunately, this condition is linked to certain other conditions, such as Mafan syndrome which makes people have long arms, legs, fingers, and toes, flexible joints and scoliosis, and have heart problems.

This could be caused by a number of things. It may be a case of Distichiasis where people have a second row of thinner, shorter, lighter eyelashes. On the other hand, it might be vitiligo. It might even be mosaicism where parts of the body are affected by albinism. Or it can be none of these things. All in all, it's too early to tell. But it's adorable!

This condition is known as polydactyly and refers to a person born with extra digits. The name comes from the Greek “poly,” which means many, and “dactylos,” which refers to fingers. There are three different types of the condition—ulnar, radial, and central. Polydactyly is passed down through one's family, or it can be a sign of a genetic condition.

Your belly button is a scar that's left over from when a doctor or nurse cut your umbilical cord right after you were born. In other words, your belly button is the place where your umbilical cord was attached to you. A relic from the good old days when you didn't have to worry about pandemics and rent.
People can have different belly buttons, whether we're talking about their sizes, shapes, or even "patterns." However, most people have so-called "innies." The type of belly button that you have is linked to the way in which the scar tissue formed. So if you have an "outie," this scar tissue is simply poking out, instead of in.

Coloboma is an eye abnormality that usually occurs before birth. It’s characterized by missing tissue inside the structures of the eye. As a result, the eye might have a "key-hole" appearance of the pupil, but that doesn’t mean it leads to vision loss. It can only occur if the retinal coloboma is so large that it affects the optical nerve. Such cases, unfortunately, cannot be helped with glasses or contact lenses.

It’s not entirely clear why this person has an enlarged thumb. But in recent years, a soaring numbers of people are having overworked digits due to smartphone use. In fact, an overworked thumb can be up to 15 percent larger on one's dominant hand than on the other.
Hand therapist Nicola Goldsmith says that “thumb swiping could add to muscle length and bulk in the muscles.” As a result, you could notice some localized changes in your thumbs, especially if you can part with your phone for long periods of time.

Polydactyly is a condition that means that someone is born with one or more extra fingers or toes. That means that you can have extra digits either on one of your hands and feet or both. This condition is often genetic and is also known as someone having supernumerary (more than the normal amount of) digits.
However, polydactyly can vary from person to person. Some people have fully functioning extra fingers or toes. Others have partially formed digits that might contain some bones but no joints. While still others might have just a small lump of soft tissue, also known as a nubbin (if you're a fan of the TV show Friends, then you'll remember that Chandler Bing said he had a nubbin).

This could be a case of simple syndactily, which is a medical term for webbed or conjoined fingers and toes. It’s among the most common malformations and affects 1 in 2,000-3,000 kids every year.
According to the Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, the condition occurs while a baby is still in the womb. During the 7th to 8th week of an infant’s development, fingers and toes separate. Well-developed fingers and toes are crucial in early childhood when one is rapidly developing motor skills.

Cases like this may require an assessment of joint hypermobility. That’s what the Beighton scoring system is for. It measures fingers, elbows, knees, and spine according to a 9-point scale. The test for fingers looks like this: rest the palm of the hand and forearm on a surface with the palm side down and fingers out. Can your fifth finger be lifted and bent at the knuckle beyond 90 degrees? If so, you should get a point. Keep measuring the rest of the body parts to see the final score.

It’s quite likely that this person has a persistent pupillary membrane (PPM,) which is a condition of the eye that has a strand of tissue crossing the pupil. The fetus uses the pupillary membrane as a source of blood supply for the lens. It wastes away after birth between the age of 4 to 8 weeks. Only large strands may disrupt the vision and a minimal amount of membrane tissue is considered non-harmful.

The uvula, the piece of dangling flesh which resembles a teardrop, is an important part of your mouth. It lubricates the inside and directs nasal secretions to your throat. It’s also important for speaking. The uvula moves the soft palate to the back of your throat so words and sounds can be articulated well.
This case may be a bifid uvula, or a cleft uvula, which refers to a split or forked uvula. It can cause severely nasal-sounding speech and other non-harmful symptoms.

Sectoral or partial heterochromia refers to the eye condition that causes two completely different colors in one iris. Most people born with it have no symptoms but on rare occasions, it can be the sign of a syndrome. People with heterochromia go on living life normally and no treatment is needed. Some people like it for aesthetic reasons and prefer to have a little quirkiness.

This person likely has a quite rare congenital condition where the fingers are not formed properly, or some are missing altogether. Symbrachydactyly occurs when the baby is still in the womb. Texas Children’s Hospital claims that “it is likely caused by a lack of blood flow to the tissue.” Even if the condition cannot be passed down through a family, it can be linked with some genetic syndromes.

Knee hyperextension happens when a knee joint is forced beyond 180 degrees in one direction, which is a normal range. It can happen to anyone, but is quite common in athletes who play contact sports like soccer or football. When one gets constant impacts on the front of the knee, the joint starts extending further than its normal range. Yoga is said to stabilize knee ligaments by strengthening the muscles.

Even if this particular condition is unknown, some people do, in fact, have small holes in their ears. They’re called preauricular pits and are usually found in the front of the ear, towards the face. In fact, the hole is connected to an unusual sinus tract under the skin. While in most cases, it isn't harmful, it can get infected for some people.

It's nearly impossible to say whether this person has a condition based on this one picture. But it resembles a very common disease named alopecia. Approximately 6.8 million people in the United States and 147 million worldwide have or will develop alopecia areata at some point in their lives.
Alopecia is an immune disease characterized by spot baldness that appears as a result of the immune system attacking one’s own hair follicles. Some people lose some areas of hair, while others may lose a lot, but it really depends on a person. There’s no cure for alopecia, but immunotherapy and some medications can help to grow back some of the hair.

Triphalangeal thumb (TPT) is a congenitalmalformation where the thumb has three phalanges instead of two. The extra phalangeal bone can vary in size from that of a small pebble to a size comparable to the phalanges in non-thumb digits.

You've probably felt that tingling cold getting into your fingers on a freezing winter day. While usually, the feeling fades away once you get warm, some people are left with white and numb digits. It may happen as a result of Raynaud’s disease. It is a blood vessel disorder characterized by limited blood flow in cold temperatures or even stressful situations. According to Health Partners, up to 10% of the population has some symptoms and there’s no apparent reason why it happens. Others have it as a result of another condition, such as an autoimmune disease.

Some people are just born more flexible, while others may carry an actual condition. One of them is called Ehlers-Danlos syndrome and it’s a group of disorders that affect the skin, joints, and blood vessels. The overly stretchy skin may bruise easily. EDS is caused by a glitch in the genes and the proteins that connect the tissue aren’t made in the usual way.

The condition is known as sectoral heterochromia. It means that only a portion of the iris of one eye has a different color than the rest of the iris of that eye. The condition typically doesn’t have any other significant symptoms or problems. But how captivating it is to look at!

This condition condition falls under a category of deformities called Polydactyly. Podiatrist Francisco J. Oliva told Health: “It’s genetic in origin and can have a distant family trait, although this isn’t always the case.” Some seek surgical correction while others decide to live with it.

When the embryological cells differentiate to form toes, the cell has an error which leads to an extra toe. “Some forms of polydactyly can be seen as a totally separate, extra toe, but in this case the two toes never separated,” said Podiatrist Francisco J. Oliva about the rare deformity in TLC's show "My Feet Are Killing Me."

He inherited this trait from his mother, and she inherited it from her father. For decades they thought it was just a quirk of their family tree, but recently our newborn daughter screened positive for a primary immunodeficiency. Changes to the FOXN1 gene cause this along with low T cells and other problems with the thymus. Children grow out of the immunodeficient side by age 2, but the nails stay like this for life. They're called "spoon nails."