"If you watch a lot of old cartoons, you would notice a lot of the main characters are always wearing neckties or neck collars that are always covering their necks and disconnecting their head from their body. Once again, it’s no accident, that is by design. In the 1960s the iconic duo Hanna-Barbera were cranking out 6 hours of cartoon television every single week to over 300 million viewers around the globe. However, at the same time, the studio’s budget kept shrinking and shrinking, which actually threatened the entire hand-drawn animation industry. In a stroke of genius, they came up with a new technique that reduced the animation effort by 7000%. By giving characters something to wear around their necks, it meant that animators could keep the exact same body position and only animate the head while it was moving and talking, which not only meant that the frames required for a 7 min cartoon were reduced from 14000 down to just 2000, but this move is actually credited with saving the entire animation industry."

"The Houston Airport in Texas was experiencing an extraordinary amount of complaints regarding the baggage claim wait times. Executives tried to solve this by increasing staff, which did in fact help and reduced the waiting time down to 8 minutes, which was the industry average, but despite that, the complaints still persisted. Upon further investigation, they found out that it only took passengers 1 minute to walk from their arrival gate to baggage claim and then 7 more minutes for their luggage to arrive. Which meant that 88% of the time was spent standing around doing nothing and just waiting. So the airport came up with a clever solution. They moved baggage claim as far as possible, so now it took passengers 6 times longer to get to it. And just like that, overnight complaints dropped to nearly zero."

"If you ever noticed that in theatres curtains and seats tend to be the color red, that’s no coincidence, that’s by design. And that’s because the color red is the first color that the human eye loses sight of in dark and low light conditions, making it easier for you to focus on the performance or movie screen and not get distracted by the surroundings."

"Amsterdam’s Schiphol Airport had a problem. Local residents were complaining about the excessive noise of airplanes constantly taking off. This problem was even worse during the wintertime because sound vibrations travel even further when the ground is wet or frozen. So the airport kicked off a study that resulted in a brilliant solution using the local landscape. They created these 10-foot-tall triangular wedges and they spaced them apart at a distance equivalent to the wavelength of the actual airplane noise, which turned out to be around 36 feet. The second layer of wedges was added at an 18-degree angle to further reduce the noise and the final result was a total reduction of about 3 to 5.5 decibels and an award-winning design."

"Here’s a design secret about Pringles potato chips whose iconic shape is not arbitrary but actually designed by supercomputers running advanced aerodynamic simulations. Back in the day, Pringles had a manufacturing problem. The production line was moving so fast to meet the high demand that chips were literally flying off of the conveyor belts due to wind resistance. Pringles enlisted the help of supercomputers to come up with an aerodynamic shape for the potato chips known as a hyperbolic paraboloid, so the chips don’t fly off of the production line. The new design was a success but it turned out there were other benefits as well. It made the chips easier to stack, it reduced the chance of them breaking during transport, and it made it so there’s no predictable way for the chips to break in our mouth giving it that oddly satisfying crunch."

"The bicycle company 'Vanmoof' had a problem. Customers were complaining because they were receiving their online orders damaged as delivery people were mishandling packages, throwing them on and off trucks, etc. So the company came up with a brilliant solution by changing the packaging design. They decided to print a TV on the side of the box to make it look like there was a television inside and therefore encouraging the delivery people to be more careful with something as fragile as a TV. And the results – 80% decrease in damaged deliveries, saving the company a ton of money and headaches, I’m sure. Just for fun, they snuck a little Easter egg on the packaging that says: We like bikes And we like you And the rest of the world To ride bikes And like them too"

"If you’ve ever been to London, you might have noticed that a lot of pubs and even other places have these weird names like 'The White Lion,' 'Cat & Fiddle,' 'Bat & Ball,' 'Elephant & Castle,' etc. Now, this trend actually started out as a design solution to a marketing challenge. Since many of the pubs in Britain are hundreds of years old, back in those days, a lot of people were illiterate, which meant that they couldn’t easily identify and discover businesses. So business owners got creative and instead of using letters, they started using pictures of easily identifiable and recognizable objects in their logos, so that even people that can’t read can still find the business easily."

"Today we’re going medieval and discussing the design secrets of castles. Now when you picture a castle, you probably picture this moat or this body of water surrounding it and most people tend to think that’s to prevent enemies from entering the castle which is only half of the story. The more important role of a moat is in case the enemy decides to dig a tunnel and breach the castle from underground, they would eventually encounter the water, it will flood the tunnel, drown everybody in it and make the tunnel collapse on itself. And even if somehow the enemy found a way to breach the main drawbridge, they would find themselves in pretty much a death trap because this is an enclosed space with holes in the wall that allows the castle army to shoot arrows, throw rocks and pretty much decimate anybody in there. Now my favorite part is the sinister design of the castle staircases. Most castle staircases are spiraling clockwise going up, and that’s for a very clever reason. Since most people are right-handed, that means two things: 1. If the enemy has their sword in their right hand, if they’re going up, they don’t have much room to swing upwards because their right hand is closer to the edge. 2. If they chose to have their shield on the right hand, that would mean their sword will be held by their less dominant left hand, giving them a disadvantage. Another sinister design secret is that the staircase steps are not all the same height. Some are shorter, some are taller. Now you probably know from personal experience that as little as a quarter-inch of a difference can make you trip on the staircase, so imagine being the offending army, running up a dimly-lit tower, tripping over stairs left and right, meanwhile, the castle army has memorized which steps to skip, so they can make their way up the tower much quicker without tripping."

"Today we’re discussing the strange psychological effect of the color known as Baker-Miller Pink or P-618. It was first developed in the late '70s by Alexander Schauss who at the time was studying the physiological effects of color. He discovered that this very specific shade of pink had a very profound calming effect on people. It would make them relax, lower their heart rate, breathing, and even curb their appetite. So he set up an experiment in a correctional facility by painting some of the jail cells pink in hopes of reducing aggressive and violent behavior in inmates. And sure enough, that’s exactly what happened. Shortly after the color went up, the number of violent incidents plummeted. Now since that experiment, this color has been widely used by drunk tanks, psychiatric wards, and most controversially, in sports. Some sports stadiums, like the University of Iowa, have painted the visitor’s guest locker room in Baker-Miller Pink in hopes of pacifying and calming down their opponents before a game, giving them a home-court advantage."

"In the year 2000, the city of Glasgow, Scotland installed blue street lights in certain parts of the city to make them more aesthetically pleasing. But shortly afterward, they noticed something surprising. Crime went down in those areas. A few years later, in 2005 the City of Nara, Japan’s police department implemented the same strategy by installing blue lights in areas with high crime and surely enough they experienced a 9% decrease in crime. Soon after, a Tokyo railroad company installed 8 blue lights at train stations that were experiencing a lot of suicides and virtually overnight after the blue lights were installed, suicide attempts went to zero. Now, this effect is not 100% scientifically proven but there seems to be some minor correlation. And while nobody’s really sure why this happens, there are a few explanations floating around. It could be that blue light is subconsciously associated with police presence or maybe just has calming properties since it is used to treat seasonal depression."

"There is a very specific reason why brand new converse sneakers come with this fuzzy fabric on the bottom of their sole. And that reason is taxes. The tax reporting for sneakers is 37.5%, but the law states that if more than 50% of the sole is covered in fabric, that legally classifies it as a slipper, which is only taxed at 3%. This legal maneuver is known as tariff engineering and it’s applied in other industries as well. For example, human action figures and toys are taxed higher than non-human action figures, which is why Marvel argued in court that the X-men are non-human to pay lower taxes. Tariff engineering is the reason why DSLR cameras can’t record longer than 30 minutes. It’s not that they’re not physically capable but if the manufacturer enabled them to record more than 30 minutes, that would legally classify them as camcorders and video recording devices, which are taxed much higher."

"You’ve probably noticed this U-shaped pipe underneath most sinks, but what I bet you probably didn’t know is that this is actually an ingenious design component that serves as a one-way valve that traps nasty and dangerous gases from coming back up into your room from the sewage, yet it allows water to run through all the way. What makes this design particularly clever and elegant is the fact that it doesn’t use any extra parts or even electricity. It simply uses the water which you already use, so whenever you cut the faucet, some of the water hangs at the U-shape here, which acts as the stopper from the gasses entering back up into your room. These things are standard across most of the Western world."

"Switzerland is known for timekeeping and luxury watches. So here’s a design secret that the Swiss railway clocks used to create the illusion of punctuality. All of the clocks in the train stations actually run 1.7% faster. This means that it only takes the second hand 58 seconds to complete an entire minute, after which it stops at the top and gives an extra 2 seconds for trains to leave on time, creating the illusion of punctuality. The same company actually makes wristwatches that feature the exact same mechanism."

"Today we’re gonna talk about the secret user experience of elevators. So let’s start with the button panel first. You might have seen this button right here and assume that when you press it, the doors actually close, but in reality, it does nothing. This is a dummy button. Think of them as fidget spinners. They are just there to give you something to do while the doors are closing and to kinda ease your nerves. Moving on to the actual floor numbers. Next time you’re in an elevator, if you pay close attention, you might notice there is no 13th floor. It goes 10, 11, 12, 14, 15, all the way up. And that’s actually for a cultural reason. In a lot of societies, the number 13 is thought to be very unlucky, and Asian countries especially are very sensitive and superstitious of those beliefs. So elevator creators just skip over 13 and go straight to 14. Moving down to the lobby, you will notice a lot of mirrors and reflective surfaces. It could be the elevator doors themselves or just decorative mirrors hanging around. And those are there to actually distract you from the fact that the elevator is taking a long time. It creates the illusion of faster times. The same principle is used inside of elevators as well, which is why so many of them have mirrors on the inside. It gives you something to do and not notice time as you’re going from floor to floor, but also reduces anxiety and nerves because some people are genuinely scared on the elevator, so it takes the edge off."

"There is a reason why every single club and bar in the world serves alcoholic beverages in see-through glasses, and I bet you never really thought about it. The reason is actually a genius psychological trick that leverages social shame to get you to spend more money at the bar. Just think about it: whenever you get a drink from the bar, everybody in the place can see how much you have left in your glass. And whenever you finish your drink, it’s embarrassing to stand there holding an empty glass, right? People might think that you can’t afford another one, so subconsciously you go to the bar and you buy another drink just not to stand there and hold an empty glass. And that’s how bars psychologically exploit you to spend more money."