A recent report suggests that by 2050, more than 68 percent of the world’s population will live in cities, a growth of 2.5 billion from today. And to meet the needs of their citizens, cities are investing heavily in infrastructure and building space and constantly looking for optimal solutions to cater to this whopping population.

According to Robert Puentes, the president and CEO of the Eno Center for Transportation, which is a non-profit think tank with the mission of improving transportation policy and leadership, well-developed infrastructure is much more than what meets the eye. He argues that rotten roads equal bum economy.

“Concrete, steel, and fiber-optic cable are the essential building blocks of the economy. Infrastructure enables trade, powers businesses, connects workers to their jobs, creates opportunities for struggling communities and protects the nation from an increasingly unpredictable natural environment,” Puentes argues.

According to Puentes, infrastructure is the backbone of any healthy economy and it includes anything from private investment in telecommunication systems, broadband networks, freight railroads, energy projects and pipelines, to public spending on transportation, water, buildings and parks.

Incredibly, Brookings Institution analysis of Bureau of Labor Statistics data revealed that 14 million people have jobs in fields directly related to infrastructure. Think of locomotive engineers, airline pilots, truck drivers: these professions make for nearly 11 percent of the nation’s workforce.

Puentes explains that the US has seen tremendous growth in population with 25 million people added in the past 10 years, which is concentrated in the 50 largest metropolitan areas. “It will place new demands on already overtaxed infrastructure. Metropolitan areas must be ready to adapt not only to serve millions of new customers but also to help poorer residents, many of whom are jobless, have the best chance possible to find work,” he states.

“Despite the importance of infrastructure, the US has not spent enough for decades to maintain and improve it. It accounts for about 2.5 percent of the economy, compared to about 3.9 percent spent in Canada, Australia and South Korea, 5 percent for Europe and 9-12 percent in China,” Puentes continues.

He adds that the US must spend at least $150 billion more a year on infrastructure through 2020 to meet its needs. This would add about 1.5 percent to annual economic growth and create at least 1.8 million jobs. The question is, will they do this?