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From Prayer To Public Places: 12 Synagogues With Unbelievable New Lives
“A synagogue is not just a building,” one of the Jews I met during my journey told me.
It is also far more than just a place of worship, as the dictionary might suggest.
For centuries, synagogues have been the heart of every Jewish community worldwide—the place where they gathered to celebrate life’s milestones. They have been centers of gratitude, joy, and connection between God and His people.
Ahead of the world marking 80 years since the end of World War II, I embarked on a journey through Eastern Europe, following the footsteps of historic synagogues that survived the devastation of WWII. I sought to uncover their current state and the fate of the Jewish communities they once served—80 years after the Holocaust.
What I discovered was astonishing. Many synagogues had been disturbingly repurposed and now serve as restaurants, bars, and even a supermarket that sells pork. These are some of the historic pre-war synagogues that survived but have been shockingly repurposed.
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1. Trnava, Slovakia: Former 1892 Orthodox Synagogue, turned restaurant aptly named “Synagoga Cafe”
Over 80% of Trnava’s Jewish community lost their lives during the Holocaust, and no Jews live there today.
The exterior of the former synagogue was renovated and converted in 2010
2. Krakow, Poland: Former Synagogue “Hevra Tehillim,” now a bar/restaurant called HEVRE Bar
The 1896 Synagogue served Krakow’s Jewish community of 70,000. Only 140 live there today
Wall polychrome paintings, discovered in 2008, depict Biblical scenes and holy places in Jerusalem
3. Inowłódz, Poland: The historic 1820 Synagogue now functions as a Supermarket
Original painted prayers on the walls of the former synagogue above toilet paper
The former prayer hall still features Menorah-shaped chandeliers
A supermarket that sells Pork, a meat forbidden in Judaism.
I had mixed emotions while visiting these repurposed synagogues. For example, for me, as a Jew, it was heartbreaking to be inside a former synagogue where people used to pray and see how it turned into a place that sells toilet paper and pork. It felt much more respectful and appropriate for me when I visited other former synagogues that, although are no longer used for religious purposes, they turned into Jewish history museums or Holocaust memorial centers. But also when I visited former synagogues that are now cafes and restaurants, but at least they made sure to keep the original features of the synagogue out of respect for its past, it was somewhat comforting, too.
4. Tarnów, Poland: a 1904 Mikveh (Jewish ritual bathhouse), once a sacred space for purification, now serves as a nightclub
5. Budapest, Hungary: Dózsa György Street Synagogue, once the third-largest synagogue in Budapest
The 1909 synagogue was converted into a sports center and today houses a fencing club.
Traces of its Jewish past are still visible – the beautifully decorated interior of the former women’s gallery
6. Budapest, Hungary: The 1912 Kőbánya Synagogue was converted into a Church in 1991
A Cross next to the original Star of David windows
Original Hebrew inscription and the Ten Commandments tablet can still be seen inside
7. Košice, Slovakia: The 1899 Old Orthodox Synagogue, now a cultural center
The breathtaking and largely unrestored interior of the former synagogue
Once home to over 11,000 Jews before the Holocaust, only as few as 240 live in Košice today.
The Synagogue’s second floor, once the women’s gallery
The outstanding colorful wall decorations of the Old Orthodox Synagogue
These transformations, when done out of respect for the past, can, in fact, help preserve the memory. Because in many of these towns, there are no Jewish communities anymore, and these synagogues may be the only testament to the lives of so many people who lived there. But for example, I visited a former synagogue in Kosice that is now a concert hall and has no indication whatsoever of its past – and that is how you dangerously erase the memory of what had happened.
I think in places where there are no longer Jewish communities to restore the synagogues for, the most appropriate thing to do is to turn them into a place of memory, a place that will honor and memorialize the lives of those who lived there while educating about the atrocities of the Holocaust where 6 million Jews lost their lives, so such things will never happen again.
8. Kecskemét, Hungary: The Great Neolog Synagogue, now the House of Science and Technology
Inside the 1871 former synagogue is a display of sculptures, which is considered idolatry in Judaism
9. Zalaegerszeg, Hungary: The 1904 Grand Synagogue was repurposed into a concert hall in 1983
With the city’s entire Jewish population deported to Auschwitz after the war, the synagogue remained unused for decades.
The interior of the former synagogue today
“Your past is my present,” a portrait of a former Jewish family reflected in a haunting memorial on the second floor
10. Budapest, Hungary: The 19th-century Nagytétény Synagogue transformed into a Public Library in 2013
A Public Library with a Torah Ark, the former synagogue of Nagytétény
11. Surany, Slovakia: The 1916 Synagogue was converted into the Surany Municipal Museum in 2005
Inside the former synagogue. No Jews remain in Surany today
12. Kecskemét, Hungary: The 1917 Orthodox Synagogue now serves as the Museum of Photography
Despite its transformation, paintings on the ceiling were restored to respect its Jewish past
Remarkably, the space is still being used for religious purposes by the local Jewish community during major holidays.
Even though I covered over 40 historic pre-war synagogues in Eastern Europe, there are many others that I couldn’t reach but would love to visit in the future if I could.
As a third generation of a Holocaust survivor who made it through Auschwitz, I see an immense importance to keep the memory of what happened during the Holocaust alive for future generations. So as long as I can use my skills in photography to tell the stories of my people and our history, I hope I’ll get to work on more meaningful projects like this one.
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David 1 week ago
As someone Jewish, I find most of these quite offensive in many ways. Especially since a few of these the Jewish community in those countries lost lawsuits to reclaim. Many of them were repurposed during the communist days and they govt wont give them back. For example the Košice community lost several lawsuits to reclaim it from the govt. The Kőbánya Synagogue for example, was used post-WW2 as a Synagogue until 1964 when the communist govt seized it, and post communism gave it to a Church when the Jewish community asked for it back. Then you have completely false information like with the Dózsa György Street Synagogue, which here it claims was made into a sports center in 1909. The Synagogue was built in 1909, the Communist govt post war used it as a cultural center until 1984 when they gave it to a Boxing and Sports club. The Jewish community org in Hungary lost several lawsuits for the site post communism. The Hevra Tehillim Synagogue in Kracow was restored to the Jewish community
David 1 week ago (edited)
in 2001 by the Polish Govt (one of the few in Europe to restore the Jewish community their holy sites) however it was leased out as a commercial property to help fund the upkeep of the more known synogogue sites (they do that with some buildings. Though there is a lawsuit about the people running the Krakow Jewish Communities trust and corruption and theft, and a Polish govt investigation at the insistence of the Chief Rabbi and the Foundation for the Preservation of Jewish Heritage in Poland) But this overall article isnt about Synagogues being repurposed, it is mostly about stolen property that governments refuse to restore while doing things in them offensive and sacrelidge for such a site. If you wont restore it to the Jewish Community, at least make them a museum to the Jews that once lived there, not something offensive like this.
Load More Replies...
Danni 1 week ago
Thank you David for the wonderfully educational post. As an secular christian, I agree with you wholeheartedly. taking a sacred space to a group of people that was persecuted and completely destroyed due to hatred, and making it anything but a place of remembrance seems extremely offensive. A library- a quiet place of contemplation, that I understand. A night club?! really despicable. I am completely not surprised as people have become so full of disrespect to anything that is not their own.
Harry Gondalf 1 week ago
In San Francisco, the abandoned and run-down Jewish Synagogue on Bush or Sutter street near Octavia was repurposed as the SF Zen center. Much better than a coffee shop.
Harry Gondalf 1 week ago
I'm not Jewish, but I find them crass and offensive as well. Maybe BP will run an article on on Catholic churches repurposed as massage parlors. BTW I did a little research: in 1939 there were 16.7 million Jews in the world. In 1945, 11 million, a 34% decline. (https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jewish-population-of-the-world)
David 6 days ago
11 million was the high end estimate for 1945, it could have been lower, as we keep finding more and more undocumented mass graves from ww2 and how many were just killed in the war in general. And we are finally back up to16 million. Israel with the lead at 7.4 million, USA at number 2 with about 6.3 million, and the rest of the world 2 million combined. It's been a hard recovery
Michael MacKinnon 6 days ago (edited)
The article was informative, and seemed to be written from a place of respect for these former places of worship and dismay with how many of them have been taken from that role. Maybe one of them (the museum in Surany) **might** have been appropriate, if it properly acknowledged the Jewish community and its elimination. At the same time, I found it jarring that BP censored the word generally used for the Shoah, and used a headline that initially suggested a positive spin on the article.
Noam Chen (Post author) 6 days ago
Thank you for your kind feedback, Michael. The H o l o c a u s t is a historical event, the worst genocide in human history, not something that can ever be censored. I made sure the word appear as it should inside the article.
siedzac niej 6 days ago
This is horrible. The Shoah continues even after the actual killings stopped.
Tonyah Mcanelly 1 week ago
The history behind these seem so sad because they were pre haulocaust and people just living their simple lives. I lile how they decided to keep original murals even inside the grocery store
Gwyn 6 days ago (edited)
Upvoting this story. One of my parents is from the Netherlands and I learned about the H o l o c a u s t growing up and even went to the museum in DC. But this is an aspect of the story I didn't know about and it's important to share. Lately I've been reading accounts from those who lived through this. There's so much to learn.
Noam Chen (Post author) 6 days ago
Thank you very much for your feedback. As survivors are dying out and their first-hand experiences die with them, it's on us to keep their legacy and share what had happened with future generations.
Sarah Suelzle 1 week ago
I love to see this !! I would much rather see an old building restored with love and repurposed for something useful for everyone to enjoy rather than just tearing it down and building another ugly, plain, square box. ☺ Thank you for sharing !!
BrunoVI 6 days ago (edited)
I read up about the Kobanya syanagogue. Only in 1944 did the Hungarian Jews begin being wiped out in such high numbers. Hungary had positioned itself as an ally to the Germans to placate Hitler, but when the Hungarian government began to believe that the Germans would lose the war in early 1944, they switched sides to the US-UK allies, and Hitler responded by invading and replacing Hungary's government. Hundreds of thousands of Jews were deported to Auschwitz to be quickly killed. The pope's representatives (despite Hungary not being majority Catholic) managed to persuade the Hungarian leadership of the atrocities at Auschwitz, halting the deportations, but the Germans replaced the government again, and began large-scale killings within Hungary. The Kobanya synagogue was a theater during Soviet oppression, and became an MTV warehouse after 1989. Non-mainstream protestants bought the synagogue as a place of worship for all... but given the surviving demographics, that largely means Christian worship.
David 1 week ago
As someone Jewish, I find most of these quite offensive in many ways. Especially since a few of these the Jewish community in those countries lost lawsuits to reclaim. Many of them were repurposed during the communist days and they govt wont give them back. For example the Košice community lost several lawsuits to reclaim it from the govt. The Kőbánya Synagogue for example, was used post-WW2 as a Synagogue until 1964 when the communist govt seized it, and post communism gave it to a Church when the Jewish community asked for it back. Then you have completely false information like with the Dózsa György Street Synagogue, which here it claims was made into a sports center in 1909. The Synagogue was built in 1909, the Communist govt post war used it as a cultural center until 1984 when they gave it to a Boxing and Sports club. The Jewish community org in Hungary lost several lawsuits for the site post communism. The Hevra Tehillim Synagogue in Kracow was restored to the Jewish community
David 1 week ago (edited)
in 2001 by the Polish Govt (one of the few in Europe to restore the Jewish community their holy sites) however it was leased out as a commercial property to help fund the upkeep of the more known synogogue sites (they do that with some buildings. Though there is a lawsuit about the people running the Krakow Jewish Communities trust and corruption and theft, and a Polish govt investigation at the insistence of the Chief Rabbi and the Foundation for the Preservation of Jewish Heritage in Poland) But this overall article isnt about Synagogues being repurposed, it is mostly about stolen property that governments refuse to restore while doing things in them offensive and sacrelidge for such a site. If you wont restore it to the Jewish Community, at least make them a museum to the Jews that once lived there, not something offensive like this.
Load More Replies... Danni 1 week ago
Thank you David for the wonderfully educational post. As an secular christian, I agree with you wholeheartedly. taking a sacred space to a group of people that was persecuted and completely destroyed due to hatred, and making it anything but a place of remembrance seems extremely offensive. A library- a quiet place of contemplation, that I understand. A night club?! really despicable. I am completely not surprised as people have become so full of disrespect to anything that is not their own.
Harry Gondalf 1 week ago
In San Francisco, the abandoned and run-down Jewish Synagogue on Bush or Sutter street near Octavia was repurposed as the SF Zen center. Much better than a coffee shop.
Harry Gondalf 1 week ago
I'm not Jewish, but I find them crass and offensive as well. Maybe BP will run an article on on Catholic churches repurposed as massage parlors. BTW I did a little research: in 1939 there were 16.7 million Jews in the world. In 1945, 11 million, a 34% decline. (https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jewish-population-of-the-world)
David 6 days ago
11 million was the high end estimate for 1945, it could have been lower, as we keep finding more and more undocumented mass graves from ww2 and how many were just killed in the war in general. And we are finally back up to16 million. Israel with the lead at 7.4 million, USA at number 2 with about 6.3 million, and the rest of the world 2 million combined. It's been a hard recovery
Michael MacKinnon 6 days ago (edited)
The article was informative, and seemed to be written from a place of respect for these former places of worship and dismay with how many of them have been taken from that role. Maybe one of them (the museum in Surany) **might** have been appropriate, if it properly acknowledged the Jewish community and its elimination. At the same time, I found it jarring that BP censored the word generally used for the Shoah, and used a headline that initially suggested a positive spin on the article.
Noam Chen (Post author) 6 days ago
Thank you for your kind feedback, Michael. The H o l o c a u s t is a historical event, the worst genocide in human history, not something that can ever be censored. I made sure the word appear as it should inside the article.
siedzac niej 6 days ago
This is horrible. The Shoah continues even after the actual killings stopped.
Tonyah Mcanelly 1 week ago
The history behind these seem so sad because they were pre haulocaust and people just living their simple lives. I lile how they decided to keep original murals even inside the grocery store
Gwyn 6 days ago (edited)
Upvoting this story. One of my parents is from the Netherlands and I learned about the H o l o c a u s t growing up and even went to the museum in DC. But this is an aspect of the story I didn't know about and it's important to share. Lately I've been reading accounts from those who lived through this. There's so much to learn.
Noam Chen (Post author) 6 days ago
Thank you very much for your feedback. As survivors are dying out and their first-hand experiences die with them, it's on us to keep their legacy and share what had happened with future generations.
Sarah Suelzle 1 week ago
I love to see this !! I would much rather see an old building restored with love and repurposed for something useful for everyone to enjoy rather than just tearing it down and building another ugly, plain, square box. ☺ Thank you for sharing !!
BrunoVI 6 days ago (edited)
I read up about the Kobanya syanagogue. Only in 1944 did the Hungarian Jews begin being wiped out in such high numbers. Hungary had positioned itself as an ally to the Germans to placate Hitler, but when the Hungarian government began to believe that the Germans would lose the war in early 1944, they switched sides to the US-UK allies, and Hitler responded by invading and replacing Hungary's government. Hundreds of thousands of Jews were deported to Auschwitz to be quickly killed. The pope's representatives (despite Hungary not being majority Catholic) managed to persuade the Hungarian leadership of the atrocities at Auschwitz, halting the deportations, but the Germans replaced the government again, and began large-scale killings within Hungary. The Kobanya synagogue was a theater during Soviet oppression, and became an MTV warehouse after 1989. Non-mainstream protestants bought the synagogue as a place of worship for all... but given the surviving demographics, that largely means Christian worship.
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