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The cool thing about architecture is that what you see isn’t always what you get. That bank over there? It’s actually a coffee shop. That old cement factory? Now it’s full of office workers. And those swimmers and skaters heading to those churches over there aren’t really going to mass. Welcome to the wonderful world of adaptive reuse!

Our team at Bored Panda has collected some of the most creative and impressive photos of buildings being repurposed for something entirely different. It’s probably not something the original architects intended, but it sure works. Scroll down for some awesome pics and a huge dose of inspiration.

We wanted to learn more about the advantages of repurposing buildings, so we reached out to designer Danish Kurani, the founder of the design firm 'Kurani.' He was kind enough to shed some light on the topic and even shared some examples of his work focusing on adaptive reuse.

#1

An Old Bank Is Now A Bookstore In Bucharest, Romania

Interior of a grand building conversion into a bookstore, featuring multiple levels and intricate architectural details.

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Bored Panda asked designer Kurani about some of the main upsides of adaptive reuse. "Repurposing buildings offers several advantages. First, it's environmentally friendly. Construction accounts for about 11% of global carbon emissions, so renovating existing structures instead of building new ones reduces our carbon footprint. It requires less energy, fewer materials, and produces less waste," explained the founder of 'Kurani,' a social impact-driven design firm that creates educational, cultural, and community spaces.

Moreover, repurposing buildings and structures is a more efficient way to use space, according to Kurani. "In society, we often underutilize existing buildings: our homes are empty while we're at work, and our offices are empty when we're home. Repurposing buildings maximizes the potential of our most underutilized structures."


#2

Local Mexican Restaurant Used To Be A Chinese Restaurant. Instead Of Painting Over A Mural, They Just Put Sombreros On The Pandas

Pandas wearing hats in a colorful landscape, illustrating creative building conversions in art.

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#3

This Book Store Was Built Inside An Abandoned Theater

"Modern bookstore in renovated historic building, showcasing one of the best building conversions with elegant decor."

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Furthermore, there's the potential to revitalize neighborhoods. "Adapting an old building can transform an unattractive area into a vibrant, useful place for the community," Kurani said.

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Sharing a couple of great examples of his work with Bored Panda, Kurani said, "I'm a big believer in reusing buildings, and recently built a learning lab for children in a retail storefront and transformed a former industrial warehouse into a rehabilitation center for incarcerated men."


#4

German Restaurant Repurposed Giant Wine Barrels Into "Eating Pods"

Unique building conversion featuring two barrel-shaped structures with glass doors, set outdoors on grass.

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#5

Community College Turned A Former Mall Into A Campus

Open, airy atrium in a renovated building conversion with seating, trees, and a staircase, showcasing adaptive reuse architecture.

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Glen Ellyn
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2 weeks ago DotsCreated by potrace 1.15, written by Peter Selinger 2001-2017

I really like this idea. So much better than letting it fall into disrepair or just demolishing it. Seems more do-able than trying to make it into apartments, which would take more expensive infrastructure changes, such as plumbing.

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#6

London Church Converted Into A Swimming Pool

Swimming pool inside a converted building with gothic arches, showcasing unique building conversions.

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Jrog
Community Member
2 weeks ago (edited) DotsCreated by potrace 1.15, written by Peter Selinger 2001-2017

Built in 1893, formerly the Chapel of the Claybury Psychiatric Hospital at Woodford Green in Essex, one hour from London City Center. In 1997 the hospital was shut, and from 1998 to 2004 the whole complex was made part of a real estate speculation: the surrounding park became a gated community for rich a******s, the church and the adjacent recreation hall became a Virgin Active. The chapel was converted into a pool, the hall into a gym, the confessional into a sauna for said rich a******s, who also have access to a 6-holes golf course, an "organic cafe" and a country club, because you cannot stereotype enough with these guys.

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If you want to be all fancy and impress your friends at your next dinner party, the technical term for repurposing buildings and using spaces for needs other than they were originally intended is ‘adaptive reuse.’

The practice is also known as ‘recycling’ and ‘conversion,’ and it is offered as an alternative to new construction for the sake of better sustainability, urban regeneration, and creating a circular economy. Think of it this way: if you can change the purpose of a single room in your home, why not apply that same logic to an entire building or structure?

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Real estate and infrastructure are expensive to build and maintain, so it’s economical to be flexible in how we view various spaces. Objectively speaking, at their core, buildings are just big (hopefully artistic) boxes with walls, ceilings, and floors. Maybe even windows if you’re a fan of sunlight!

What we do with—and in—those spaces, what functions we hope they serve, and how we configure and design them is entirely up to us. And the fun part is that we, as a society, can change our minds depending on our shifting wants, needs, and attitudes.


#8

Abandoned Church Transformed By Skaters Into Something Straight Out Of A Video Game

Skatepark inside a converted church with gothic arches and colorful graffiti, showcasing unique building conversion.

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Jrog
Community Member
2 weeks ago (edited) DotsCreated by potrace 1.15, written by Peter Selinger 2001-2017

St. Liborious in St. Louis, MO. The building is listed as City Landmark and Historical Building, despite being barely 150 years old and not especially significant architecture-wise. It was abandoned years ago, turned into a homeless shelter and then sold to a real estate company. The company didn't have much to do with the space, and leased it to a group of locals to be turned into a skate park. After ten years of lacking maintenance and utter lack of funds, the church and its nearby buildings burned in a fire on June 29, 2023. The fire started from leftover paint and solvents from an "art project" (i.e. graffiti), burned through the roof and interiors, leaving just the walls and the tower standing.

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#9

Office Repurposed From Old Cement Factory In Sant Just Desvern, Spain By Ricardo Bofill (1973)

Aerial view of a unique building conversion with cylindrical structures topped with greenery and surrounded by trees.

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IORN
Community Member
2 weeks ago DotsCreated by potrace 1.15, written by Peter Selinger 2001-2017

He made it into his office and home. Look for La Fábrica.

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A factory can become affordable housing if there are massive changes in the economy and certain industries are no longer profitable. Palaces can transform into concert halls, event spaces, or museums.

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Skyscrapers full of offices can turn into apartments, or vice versa, depending upon where the wind blows in the real estate market. And, yes, old banks can become really cool coffee shops. The only limits are your imagination and your budget for changing the ‘guts’ of the building.


#10

A Library In A Former Walmart, Mcallen, Tx

Library interior showcasing a grand staircase, highlighting one of the best building conversions with modern book displays.

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#11

Church Turned Into A Concert Venue, Manchester UK

Concert in a repurposed church building conversion, featuring a vibrant audience and colorful lighting effects.

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Altea
Community Member
2 weeks ago DotsCreated by potrace 1.15, written by Peter Selinger 2001-2017

There is a church converted into a concert hall/disco in my hometown as well, Toledo. There are so many churches in Europe we don't know what to do with them. I remember there is one that serves as a bike parking in the Netherlands.

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#12

Discontinued Bridge Converted Into A Basketball Court In The Philippines

Aerial view of a converted basketball court packed with spectators at night.

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Reusing what you’ve already built and repurposing those spaces makes a lot of financial sense. Not only is it economical, it’s also ecological. Instead of laying down foundations and building something new, you’re redesigning the space.

Sure, you might have to check that the building’s up to code and update the plumbing and electrical systems, but that’s easier than starting everything completely from scratch. You'd also probably have to handle far less paperwork when adapting a space compared to building something new. Getting building permits, while necessary, is also a huge headache.

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#13

Coffee Shop Built Out Of Brightly Colored Shipping Containers

Building conversion using colorful shipping containers with modern windows and a small balcony.

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#14

Old Grain And Milk Factory Turned Into One Of The Most Populair Nightclubs Of The Netherlands (De Melkweg)

Historic building conversion at night, transformed into a modern venue with illuminated windows and a glass extension.

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Diolla
Community Member
3 days ago DotsCreated by potrace 1.15, written by Peter Selinger 2001-2017

Fun fact: this one is just down the road from Paradiso, a church turned into a music venue.

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#15

Soviet Water Tower As Bouldering Park In Jonava, Lithuania

Climbers scale a converted building turned climbing wall, highlighting best building conversions.

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The Varisco Design Build Group suggests that adaptive reuse projects are a testament to the seamless fusion of innovation. From their perspective, repurposing buildings can “honor the past while embracing the future,” giving new life to old structures. It’s environmentally friendly and can create a more culturally diverse urban environment as cities continue to develop.

#16

Power Plant Turned Bookstore And Restaurants, Baltimore, Md

Historic power plant building conversion featuring Barnes & Noble and Hard Rock Cafe against a dusk sky.

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#17

Old Bank Turned Into A Coffee Shop In Greer, Sc

Vault converted into a stylish coffee shop, showcasing creative building conversions with modern interior design.

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#18

Converted Abandoned Church In Spain

Modern dining area inside a rustic building conversion with high ceilings and eclectic decor.

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Ece Cenker
Community Member
2 weeks ago DotsCreated by potrace 1.15, written by Peter Selinger 2001-2017

I would place the table perpendicular to the windows just to break that linearity of the church plan. I hate the directional feeling that the rectangular plan pushes on you.

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According to the Varisco Design Build Group, your first step should be coming to grips with the existing structure. “The project’s architectural design and structural integrity must all be examined. By comprehending the strengths and limitations of the building, we can make informed decisions about the feasibility of the intended transformation.”

#19

This Museum In France Is A Former Swimming Pool

Art museum in a converted building with sculptures and a stained glass window, showcasing stunning building conversions.

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Jrog
Community Member
2 weeks ago (edited) DotsCreated by potrace 1.15, written by Peter Selinger 2001-2017

Musée La Piscine in Roubaix. Building preservation done right. The 100-years old Art Nuveau masterpiece was not viable as a swimming pool anymore, and at the same time the city had troubles finding a space for some of their precious cultural belongings: a bunch of art and technical collections they inherited from a technical school dissolved during WW2; architectural elements from a magnificent temporary building of the 1913 Universal Expo; artworks by Rodin, Ingres, Chagall and Picasso. With some good management and some EU funds, the two problems solved themselves. At the opening they consistently had three times the expected visitors, and they already had to expand it further.

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#20

My Local Dunkin’ Donuts Used To Be A Car Wash So The Drive Thru Is Inside The Building

Dunkin' Donuts building conversion with coffee signage, trees, and parking area visible.

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#21

Welcome To C-Mine (Genk, Belgium). It Used To Be A Coal Mine. Now It’s A Cinema, Cultural Centre And It Has A Few Restaurants As Well!

People gather at dusk near a converted industrial building with illuminated towers, showcasing one of the best building conversions.

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Meanwhile, you'll have to be very clear about exactly what it is you intend to do with the space once you convert it. You’re changing things, yes, but to what end? What are the functions of the new space going to be?

Coffee shop and grocery store employees and clients are going to have very different needs from those of galleries, corporate offices, and the like. In short, you need a clear vision of what you’re doing before you start doing it. Changing your mind in the middle of a project is going to end up costing you a pretty penny.

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#22

The Recinta Moderniste De Sant Pau - An Absolutely Incredible Art Nouveau Hospital-Turned-Museum That's Right Down The Street From The Sagrada Familia

"Building conversion with ornate arches and beds lined up in a historical space, featuring intricate ceiling designs."

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Jrog
Community Member
2 weeks ago (edited) DotsCreated by potrace 1.15, written by Peter Selinger 2001-2017

VISIT THIS. It's amazing and they need all the support they can get to finish the renovations. Also, visit the Palau de la musica Catalana by the same architect, it's in the city center. (the title is misleading though it's not "right down the street"... it's about 20 minutes away)

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#23

Railway Tunnel Repurposed For Walking Path In Fairmont

Old tunnel converted into a foggy pathway, surrounded by greenery, showcasing one of the best building conversions.

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Next, you'll have to check whether the intended design and functions of the structure comply with zoning requirements. You have to do your research and get in touch with the necessary government agencies to get approval. What you intend to do and what's (not) legal might be two very different things.

#25

This Grocery Store That Used To Be A Hockey Arena Still Has Center Ice Marked

Orange supermarket floor with a red circle near shelves.

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#26

House Of Worship? Only If Your God Is Beer

Exterior of a clock tower building and interior converted into a bustling café, showcasing the best building conversions.

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Meaghan Stewart
Community Member
2 weeks ago DotsCreated by potrace 1.15, written by Peter Selinger 2001-2017

There’s one of these in Wolfville, Nova Scotia, Canada! Lovely place, always packed.

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#27

Restaurant We Ate At Is A Converted Church (Zizzi In Cheltenham, UK)

People dining in a converted historic church with high ceilings and stained glass windows, showcasing a unique building conversion.

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Glen Ellyn
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2 weeks ago DotsCreated by potrace 1.15, written by Peter Selinger 2001-2017

Places like this strike me as being incredibly noisy.

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But bureaucracy might not be the main challenge. You have to consider potential structural issues, too. “We must take care of problems like load-bearing capacity, foundation stability, and seismic retrofitting while preserving the original character of the building,” the architectural design and build firm states.

#28

My Local Library Used To Be A Jail

Corridor with prison bars converted into a bookstore, showcasing unique building conversions and creative interior design.

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Madam Puddyfoot
Community Member
2 weeks ago DotsCreated by potrace 1.15, written by Peter Selinger 2001-2017

If you talk too loudly, instead of the librarian shushing you , you get locked in a cell.

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#29

This Pizza Hut Was Converted Into A House

A stunning building conversion with a unique roof design, surrounded by trees and greenery under a clear blue sky.

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#30

Church Converted Into An Apartment Building (Philadelphia, USA)

Historic church converted into modern lofts with "The Haven Lofts" sign visible, showcasing building conversions in urban setting.

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Which of the adaptively reused buildings featured in this list impressed you the most, and why?

What is the single coolest repurposed building or structure that you’ve personally seen, dear Pandas? What's the worst?

If you could redesign any space for your own (business or personal) needs, what would you do? We’d love to hear your thoughts!



#31

Old Mall Turned Into Apartments

Interior view of a building conversion featuring modern office space, large windows, and sleek design elements.

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SweetCheesySpaghetti
Community Member
2 weeks ago DotsCreated by potrace 1.15, written by Peter Selinger 2001-2017

I would honestly love to see shopping malls turned into indoor communities. Like retirement communities. Keep the food court, maybe have a pharmacy and a walk-in clinic... the rest of the stores become apartments (with actual walls and doors, though). How cool would that be for residents?!

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#32

Former Bell Labs Research Facility In Holmdel, New Jersey, After Being Revitalized As A Cultural Hub

Modern building conversion with open seating area and skylight, featuring colorful benches and people working or relaxing.

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Nizumi
Community Member
2 weeks ago DotsCreated by potrace 1.15, written by Peter Selinger 2001-2017

I always find it weird when interior spaces give me agoraphobia feels.

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#33

This Old Bowling Alley Converted Into A Target. The Red Balls Are Bowling Balls

Target store exterior showcasing one of the best building conversions with its distinctive red branding and modern design.

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Howard M. Lewis Ship
Community Member
2 weeks ago DotsCreated by potrace 1.15, written by Peter Selinger 2001-2017

I believe this is on Powell Ave., in Portland Oregon. https://www.google.com/maps/@45.4970764,-122.6339072,3a,75y,355.18h,90t/data=!3m7!1e1!3m5!1sapVBxjf2ez00WpvhfjIO9g!2e0!6shttps:%2F%2Fstreetviewpixels-pa.googleapis.com%2Fv1%2Fthumbnail%3Fcb_client%3Dmaps_sv.tactile%26w%3D900%26h%3D600%26pitch%3D0%26panoid%3DapVBxjf2ez00WpvhfjIO9g%26yaw%3D355.17928787264105!7i16384!8i8192?entry=ttu&g_ep=EgoyMDI0MTExMi4wIKXMDSoASAFQAw%3D%3D

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#35

This United States Post Office Repurposed Into A Grocery Store

Historic post office building converted to a restaurant, featuring a hiring sign and decorative entrance.

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Cpt. Christan "Panda Bombero"
Community Member
2 weeks ago DotsCreated by potrace 1.15, written by Peter Selinger 2001-2017

But, am I able to get my groceries delivered by Express or Priority and with the certified tracking number?

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#37

Movie Theater Turned Into Rock Climbing Gym

Former theater converted into a rock climbing gym, showcasing building conversions with signs for fitness and yoga.

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#38

Fitness Center At The Beacon: A Luxury Apartment Complex Repurposed From A Hospital

Spacious gym with treadmills and fitness equipment in a converted building featuring vintage architecture and large windows.

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#39

My University Built A New Building Around An Existing One, Making The Outside Now Inside

Interior view of a beautifully converted building with a high arched ceiling and exposed brick walls.

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#40

Former Train Station Near Paris, Now A Mcd's

McDonald's in a charming historic building conversion, showcasing unique architecture with brick and blue accents.

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#41

This Dunkin' Donuts Used To Be A Bank

Dunkin' Donuts in a former bank building, showcasing a unique building conversion with a drive-thru and U.S. flag.

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#42

Old Apartment Complex In Saigon Now Filled With Restaurants And Boutique Stores

Building conversion with vibrant signage, showcasing various cafes and shops, illustrating one of the best urban transformations.

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Jrog
Community Member
2 weeks ago DotsCreated by potrace 1.15, written by Peter Selinger 2001-2017

That's bad. Like, very bad. Vietnamese 1950-60s construction is a hot mess of subpar materials, structural calculations made by eyeballing and "meh, good enough". Retail spaces have much higher crowd loads- and also permanent loads- than residential buildings, so this conversion is very sketchy. There are some high profile cases of building that collapsed after being turned into impromptu malls....

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#43

This Goodwill Location Used To Be A Tower Records

Thrift store with Tower Records sign, showcasing an example of the best building conversions.

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#44

Pagony, Budapest, A Children's Swimming Pool Turned Into A Bar!

Outdoor dining area with modern design, showcasing a creative building conversion with chairs and tables in a spiral layout.

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#45

Movie Theater Is Now A Vietnamese Supermarket

Vinh Hưng Supermarket in a building conversion, featuring diverse food illustrations above the entrance.

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#46

An Old Barn Near Me Got Converted Into A McDonald's

Modern McDonald's in a rustic building conversion, highlighting architectural transformation with red signage.

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#47

Updated Priorities: Hamburg Brothel Transformed Into Covid-19 Testing Facility

Pink Palace building conversion with silhouette figures on facade, street view with cars and pedestrians.

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#48

Boarding School Owned By Dutch Colonist In Indonesia, Circa 1931, Turned Into KFC Today

"Building conversion of a historic house into a modern KFC restaurant, showcasing transformation in architecture and function."

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Søren Schilthauer
Community Member
2 weeks ago DotsCreated by potrace 1.15, written by Peter Selinger 2001-2017

Converting anything into a KFC, McDonalds or any other US junk food franchise is a atrocious

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#49

A Former Bank Is Now A McDonald's In Kristiansand, Norway

A McDonald's located in a historic building with columns, exemplifying unique building conversions.

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#50

This CVS In La Was Once A Historic Theatre

Historic building conversion into a CVS Pharmacy, showcasing ornate architectural details.

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#51

My Apartment Which Was Renovated From A Jailhouse Used In The 1800s

Hallway of a building conversion with exposed brick walls and modern decor.

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#52

Found Photos Of My Building Before It Was Converted. So Wierd To See Where We Live And What It Used To Be Like

Converted church into modern kitchen, showcasing best building conversions with stools, countertops, and white cabinets.

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#53

An Old Bank In Brooklyn, Repurposed Into Trader Joe's

Interior of a grocery store inside a converted historic building, featuring high ceilings and hanging lights.

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Glen Ellyn
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2 weeks ago DotsCreated by potrace 1.15, written by Peter Selinger 2001-2017

It must cost a fortune to heat and cool this space.

#54

This Strip Club Used To Be A Church

"The CornerStone Building, historic conversion from various establishments, with signage listing past uses since 1861."

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#57

This Old Toys R Us Is Now A Gun Store

Building conversion featuring a repurposed storefront now named "Firearms Unknown" with colorful trim and parked cars.

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Poppy
Community Member
2 weeks ago DotsCreated by potrace 1.15, written by Peter Selinger 2001-2017

I'm pretty sure this says something about how many kids are killed by gun in the US every year

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