They are all illustrations. I create them by painting on Photoshop rather than with a brush and paper. Larger areas I draw the shape then fill it in. The one of Scotland shows this more. I zoomed in to add extra detail. I used brushes with opacity edges to soften the edges. I get images from pixabay and pexels that are free for commercial use. The Seattle one I illustrated from a photo and also used google maps and walked down a the street then took a screen shot, and amalgamated it as google maps street view was a cafe and had the awnings and other features I preferred. I illustrated a taxi from a photo as I preferred the older style of taxis. They took weeks to do, many hours work. I have also done some wildlife pictures in this style. If you click on the YouTube link above I have created videos zooming into my illustrations so you can see the detail. I am currently creating one of San Fransisco. I have added a zoomed in picture below that shows how I am building up the illustration.